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DHCP工作原理 、 DHCP中继代理 、 全局模式DHCP 、 DHCP综合实战 、 三层交换机DHCP

1 案例：基于全局模式的DHCP

1.1 需求

  1. 在路由器上配置基于全局模式的DHCP
  2. DHCP的地址池为 192.168.1.0/24
  3. DHCP的网关地址为 192.168.1.254
  4. DHCP的DNS 为 8.8.8.8
  5. DHCP的租期 为 3天

1.2 方案

使用eNSP搭建实验环境，如图-1所示。

DHCP工作原理 、 DHCP中继代理 、 全局模式DHCP 、 DHCP综合实战 、 三层交换机DHCP图-1

1.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。[hidecontent type=”payshow”]

1）配置PC1/2获得IP地址的方式为“自动获取/DHCP”

2）配置 SW1，确保DHCP客户端与DHCP服务器互通

  1. <Huawei>undo ter
  2. <Huawei>undo terminal mo
  3. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  4. [Huawei]sysname SW1
  5. [SW1]vlan 10
  6. [SW1–vlan10]quit
  8. [SW1]interface Ethernet0/0/1
  9. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]port link access
  10. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
  11. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]quit
  13. [SW1]interface Ethernet0/0/2
  14. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]port link access
  15. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10
  16. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]quit
  18. [SW1]interface Ethernet0/0/3
  19. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/3]port link access
  20. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10
  21. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/3]quit

3）配置R1，将其配置为 DHCP 服务器

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname R1
  5. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  6. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
  7. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
  9. [R1]dhcp enable
  11. [R1]ip pool DHCP
  12. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]network 192.168.1.0 mask 24
  13. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]gateway–list 192.168.1.254
  14. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]dns–list 8.8.8.8
  15. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]lease day 3
  16. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]quit
  18. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  19. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global
  20. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

4）验证 PC1/2 获得IP地址

2 案例：配置DHCP中继

2.1 需求

  1. 配置DHCP中继，让客户端从DHCP服务器获取地址
  2. 客户机可以ping通R1

2.2 方案

使用eNSP搭建实验环境，如图-2所示。

DHCP工作原理 、 DHCP中继代理 、 全局模式DHCP 、 DHCP综合实战 、 三层交换机DHCP图-2

2.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

1）配置PC1为DHCP客户端

2）配置 SW1 确保 PC1与 R2（PC1的网关）互通

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname SW1
  4. [SW1]vlan 10
  5. [SW1–vlan10]quit
  7. [SW1]interface eth0/0/1
  8. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]port link access
  9. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
  10. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]quit
  12. [SW1]interface eth0/0/2
  13. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]port link access
  14. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10
  15. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]quit

3）配置DHCP中继（R2）

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname R2
  5. [R2]interface gi0/0/1
  6. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
  7. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  9. [R2]interface gi0/0/0
  10. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.10.10.2 24
  11. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
  13. [R2]dhcp enable
  14. [R2]interface gi0/0/01
  15. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select relay
  16. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp relay server–ip 10.10.10.1
  17. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

4）配置DHCP服务器（R1）

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname R1
  4. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  5. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.10.10.1 24
  6. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
  7. [R1]dhcp enable
  8. [R1]ip pool DHCP
  9. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]network 192.168.1.0 mask 24
  10. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]gateway–list 192.168.1.254
  11. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]dns–list 8.8.8.8
  12. [R1–ip–pool–DHCP]quit
  13. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  14. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global
  15. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
  16. [R1]ip route–static 192.168.1.0 24 10.10.10.2

5）验证主机自动获取的IP地址

3 案例：交换机配置DHCP服务器

3.1 需求

  1. 配置两个地址池：192.168.1.0/24和192.168.2.0/24
  2. 配置两个VLAN：VLAN 10和VLAN 20
  3. 将四台主机分别加入VLAN
  4. 自动获取IP地址，确保全网互通

3.2 方案

使用eNSP搭建实验环境，如图-3所示。

DHCP工作原理 、 DHCP中继代理 、 全局模式DHCP 、 DHCP综合实战 、 三层交换机DHCP图-3

3.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

1）配置DHCP客户端

2）配置DHCP客户端与DHCP服务器之间的传输网络（SW1/2/3）

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname SW1
  4. [SW1]vlan batch 10 20
  6. [SW1]interface eth0/0/1
  7. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]port link access
  8. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
  9. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/1]quit
  11. [SW1]interface eth0/0/2
  12. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]port link access
  13. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10
  14. [SW1–Ethernet0/0/2]quit
  16. [SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  17. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link trunk
  18. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow–pass vlan all
  19. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  22. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  23. <Huawei>system–view
  24. [Huawei]sysname SW2
  25. [SW2]vlan batch 10 20
  27. [SW2]interface eth0/0/1
  28. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/1]port link access
  29. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 20
  30. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/1]quit
  32. [SW2]interface eth0/0/2
  33. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/2]port link access
  34. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
  35. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/2]quit
  37. [SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
  38. [SW2–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link trunk
  39. [SW2–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow–pass vlan all
  40. [SW2–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
  44. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  45. <Huawei>system–view
  46. [Huawei]sysname SW3
  47. [SW3]vlan batch 10 20
  49. [SW3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  50. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link trunk
  51. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow–pass vlan all
  52. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  54. [SW3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
  55. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link trunk
  56. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow–pass vlan all
  57. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

3）配置DHCP服务器

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname SW3
  4. [SW3]vlan 10
  5. [SW3–vlan10]quit
  6. [SW3]vlan 20
  7. [SW3–vlan20]quit
  9. [SW3]interface Vlanif 10
  10. [SW3–Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
  11. [SW3–Vlanif10]quit
  13. [SW3]interface Vlanif 20
  14. [SW3–Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
  15. [SW3–Vlanif20]quit
  17. [SW3]dhcp enable
  19. [SW3]ip pool VLAN10
  20. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan10]network 192.168.1.0 mask 24
  21. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan10]gateway–list 192.168.1.254
  22. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan10]dns–list 8.8.8.8
  23. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan10]quit
  25. [SW3]ip pool VLAN20
  26. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan20]network 192.168.2.0 mask 24
  27. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan20]gateway–list 192.168.2.254
  28. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan20]dns–list 8.8.8.8
  29. [SW3–ip–pool–vlan20]quit
  31. [SW3]interface vlanif 10
  32. [SW3–Vlanif10]dhcp select global
  33. [SW3–Vlanif10]quit
  35. [SW3]interface Vlanif 20
  36. [SW3–Vlanif20]dhcp select global
  37. [SW3–Vlanif20]quit

4）验证

四台主机可以获得IP地址，并可以互相ping通。

4 案例：DHCP综合实战

4.1 需求

  1. 如图配置设备的IP地址，确保设备之间可以互通
  2. PC1/2的网关位于 SW1，PC4/5的网关位于R2，PC3的网关位于R1
  3. 确保PC获得正确的IP地址，实现PC之间的互通

4.2 方案

使用eNSP搭建实验环境，如图-4所示。

DHCP工作原理 、 DHCP中继代理 、 全局模式DHCP 、 DHCP综合实战 、 三层交换机DHCP图-4

4.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

1）配置PC1/2/3/4/5为 DHCP客户端

2）配置DHCP客户端与网关设备之间的传输网络-SW2/3/4

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname SW2
  4. [SW2]vlan batch 10 20
  5. [SW2]interface eth0/0/1
  6. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/1]port link access
  7. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
  8. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/1]quit
  9. [SW2]interface Ethernet0/0/2
  10. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/2]port link access
  11. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
  12. [SW2–Ethernet0/0/2]quit
  13. [SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  14. [SW2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow–pass vlan all
  15. [SW2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  16. [SW2]
  18. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  19. <Huawei>system–view
  20. [Huawei]sysname SW3
  21. [SW3]vlan 30
  22. [SW3–vlan30]quit
  23. [SW3]interface eth0/0/3
  24. [SW3–Ethernet0/0/3]port link access
  25. [SW3–Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 30
  26. [SW3–Ethernet0/0/3]quit
  27. [SW3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  28. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link access
  29. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 30
  30. [SW3–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  31. [SW3]
  33. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  34. <Huawei>system–view
  35. [Huawei]sysname SW4
  36. [SW4]vlan batch 40 50
  37. [SW4]interface Ethernet0/0/4
  38. [SW4–Ethernet0/0/4]port link access
  39. [SW4–Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 40
  40. [SW4–Ethernet0/0/4]quit
  41. [SW4]interface Ethernet0/0/5
  42. [SW4–Ethernet0/0/5]port link access
  43. [SW4–Ethernet0/0/5]port default vlan 50
  44. [SW4–Ethernet0/0/5]quit
  45. [SW4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  46. [SW4–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link trunk
  47. [SW4–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow–pass vlan all
  48. [SW4–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

3）配置 DHCP 客户端的网关

  1. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  2. <Huawei>system–view
  3. [Huawei]sysname SW1
  4. [SW1]vlan batch 10 20
  5. [SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  6. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link trunk
  7. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow–pass vlan all
  8. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  9. [SW1]vlan 23
  10. [SW1–vlan23]quit
  11. [SW1]interface gi0/0/2
  12. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link access
  13. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 23
  14. [SW1–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
  15. [SW1]interface Vlanif 10
  16. [SW1–Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.254 24
  17. [SW1–Vlanif10]quit
  18. [SW1]interface Vlanif 20
  19. [SW1–Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.30.254 24
  20. [SW1–Vlanif20]quit
  21. [SW1]interface Vlanif 23
  22. [SW1–Vlanif23]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
  23. [SW1–Vlanif23]quit
  26. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  27. <Huawei>system–view
  28. [Huawei]sysname R1
  29. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  30. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.30.254 24
  31. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
  32. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  33. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
  34. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  35. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
  36. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.23.1 24
  37. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
  40. <Huawei>undo terminal monitor
  41. <Huawei>system–view
  42. [Huawei]sysname R2
  43. [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  44. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
  45. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  46. [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0.4
  47. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4]dot1q termination vid 40
  48. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4]arp broadcast enable
  49. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4]ip address 192.168.40.254 24
  50. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4]quit
  51. [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0.5
  52. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.5]dot1q termination vid 50
  53. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.5]arp broadcast enable
  54. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.5]ip address 192.168.50.254 24
  55. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.5]quit

4）配置 DHCP 服务器

  1. [R1]dhcp enable
  2. [R1]ip pool VLAN10
  3. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN10]network 192.168.10.0 mask 24
  4. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN10]gateway–list 192.168.10.254
  5. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN10]quit
  6. [R1]ip pool VLAN20
  7. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN20]network 192.168.20.0 mask 24
  8. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN20]gateway–list 192.168.20.254
  9. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN20]quit
  10. [R1]ip pool VLAN30
  11. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN30]network 192.168.30.0 mask 24
  12. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN30]gateway–list 192.168.30.254
  13. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN30]quit
  14. [R1]ip pool VLAN40
  15. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN40]network 192.168.40.0 mask 24
  16. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN40]gateway–list 192.168.40.254
  17. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN40]quit
  18. [R1]ip pool VLAN50
  19. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN50]network 192.168.50.0 mask 24
  20. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN50]gateway–list 192.168.50.254
  21. [R1–ip–pool–VLAN50]quit
  23. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  24. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global
  25. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
  26. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  27. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select global
  28. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
  29. [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
  30. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
  31. [R1–GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
  33. [R1]ip route–static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.23.3
  34. [R1]ip route–static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.23.3
  35. [R1]ip route–static 192.168.40.0 24 192.168.12.2
  36. [R1]ip route–static 192.168.50.0 24 192.168.12.2

5）配置 DHCP 中继

  1. [SW1]dhcp enable
  2. [SW1]interface Vlanif 10
  3. [SW1–Vlanif10]dhcp select relay
  4. [SW1–Vlanif10]dhcp relay server–ip 192.168.23.1
  5. [SW1–Vlanif10]quit
  6. [SW1]interface Vlanif 20
  7. [SW1–Vlanif20]dhcp select relay
  8. [SW1–Vlanif20]dhcp relay server–ip 192.168.23.1
  9. [SW1–Vlanif20]quit
  10. [SW1]ip route–static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.23.1
  12. [R2]dhcp enable
  13. [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0.4
  14. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4]dhcp select relay
  15. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4]dhcp relay server–ip 192.168.12.1
  16. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.4]quit
  17. [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0.5
  18. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.5]dhcp select relay
  19. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.5]dhcp relay server–ip 192.168.12.1
  20. [R2–GigabitEthernet0/0/0.5]quit
  21. [R2]ip route–static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.12.1

6）验证 DHCP 客户端获得IP地址

  1. [sw3]vlan 30
  2. [sw3]int e0/0/1
  3. [sw3–e0/0/1]port link–type access
  4. [sw3–e0/0/1]port default vlan 30
  5. [sw3]int 0/0/2
  6. [sw3–e0/0/2]port link–type trunk
  7. [sw3–e0/0/2]port trunk allow–pass vlan all[/hidecontent]

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OSPFv3配置 、 特殊区域之NSSA 、 OSPF安全认证 、 IPv6协议介绍 、 OSPF 虚链路 、 OSPF 路由汇总

2021-12-27 14:41:07

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2021-12-28 13:06:56

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